Take the following two groups:
$G_1$
$$\begin{array}{c|c|c|c|c}
\cdot & e
& a & b& c\\\hline
e & e & a & b & c \\\hline
a &a & e & c& b\\\hline
b & b & c & e & a \\\hline
c & c & b & a & e
\end{array}$$
$G_2$
$$\begin{array}{c|c|c|c|c}
\cdot & e
& a & b& c\\\hline
e & e & a & b & c \\\hline
a &a & e & c& b\\\hline
b & b & c & a& e \\\hline
c & c & b & e&a
\end{array}$$
In $G_1$ there are 3 normal subgroups, $\{e,a\},\{e,b\},\{e,c\}$
Each one leading to isomorphicly equivalent factor groups.
$$G_1 \cong \mathbb{Z} / 2\mathbb{Z} \times \mathbb{Z} / 2\mathbb{Z} $$
$G_2$ has one normal subgroup $\{e,a\}$ which leads to
$$G_2 \cong \mathbb{Z} / 2\mathbb{Z} \times \mathbb{Z} / 2\mathbb{Z} $$
Which seems to imply there is an isomorphism between them, but there clearly isn’t.
Where am I wrong?
2026-03-26 19:23:49.1774553029
2 seemingly isomorphic groups
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1
In$G_2$ we have $c=b^{-1}$ and $c^2=a$ so that $b^{-2}=a=b^2$, and hence $b^4=e$, but $b^2=a\neq e$. Hence $G_2$ has an element of order $4$, so that $G_2\cong C_4$, and hence is not isomorphic to $C_2\times C_2\cong G_1$.