It is well known that Entropy is additive, and that it is the only sensible choice for measuring uncertainty if we want additivity to hold, i.e.
$H(XY) = H(X)+H(Y)$
or more explicitly, if we have the constraint that
$\int_\chi\int_\chi p_1(x)p_2(x) f(p_1(x)p_2(x)) dx^2 = \int_\chi p_1(x) f(p_1(x)) dx + \int_\chi p_2(x) f(p_2(x))dx$
with $\int_\chi p_1 dx = \int_\chi p_2 dx = 1$. The only choice is $f(u) = k \log(u)$.
There is a similar problem concerning f-divergences, where we can introduce an additivity constraint:
$\int_\chi\int_\chi p_1(x)p_2(x) f\left(\frac{p_1(x)p_2(x)}{q_1(x)q_2(x)}\right) dx^2 = \int_\chi p_1(x) f\left(\frac{p_1(x)}{q_1(x)}\right) dx + \int_\chi p_2(x) f\left(\frac{p_2(x)}{q_2(x)}\right)dx$
I am pretty sure that the only valid functions $f$ are
$f(u) = (A/u+B)\log(u)$
but I do not know how to show that (or even if) this exhausts all the possibilities.
EDIT:
Corrected u to 1/u, to fit the definition of $u = p/q$ (usually it is $q/p$).
How I get to $(\frac{A}{u}+B)\log(u)$
First of all, if $f(u)$ and $g(u)$ are solutions, so is their linear combination: $a f(u) + b g(u)$. I can find two solutions that are not linearly related
1) $f(u) = k_1 \log u$
2) $f(u) = k_2 \frac{\log u}{u}$ (this effectively switches p and q)
these can be shown to work, making all the solutions of the form I proposed valid as they are linear combinations of (1) and (2). The problem I have is that I am not sure that there are not other functions that are not linearly related to either (1) or (2).
Edited: With due permission I am completely rewriting the proof.
Let $$D_f(P|Q)=\sum_i p_if(q_i/p_i)$$ where $f$ is a strictly convex function such that $f(1)=0$, satisfy additivity, i.e., $D_f(P_1\star P_2|Q_1\star Q_2)=D_f(P_1|Q_1)+D_f(P_2|Q_2)$ with $D_f((1,0)|(1/2,1/2))=1$, where $P\star Q$ is the product distribution, i.e., $(p_iq_j)_{i,j}$.
This proof is just a by product of Renyi's work.
Let $ P_1=P_2=(1,0),Q_1=(q_1,1-q_1), Q_2=(q_2,1-q_2)$.
Then $D_f(P_1\star P_2|Q_1\star Q_2)=f(q_1q_2)$, $D_f(P_1|Q_1)=f(q_1)$, and $D_f(P_2|Q_2)=f(q_2)$
So by additivity, $f(q_1q_2)=f(q_1)+f(q_2)$. And from $D_f((1,0)|(1/2,1/2))=1$, $f(1/2)=1$. Also from Jensen's inequality $D_f(P|Q)\ge f(1)=0$, hence $f$ is non negative.
The only $f$ satisfying the above three properties is $f(q)=-\log q$ and we are done.