Let $\varphi: \cal{F} \longrightarrow \cal{G}$ a morphism of sheaves. My goal is to prove that $im\varphi \simeq \cal{F} / Ker \varphi$.
My thoughts about this problem:
1) $im \varphi(U) \simeq \cal{F}(U) / Ker \varphi(U)$ (a classic result for abelian groups).
2) We have an isomorphism between sheaves iff we have an isomorphism between their stalks.
Your thought number 1) implies that the presheaf $\mathcal{F}/\ker\varphi$ is isomorphic to the presheaf image of $\varphi$. Hence, the sheafifications of both presheaves are isomorphic, and we're done.