annuities - equations of value

153 Views Asked by At

Chuck needs to purchase an item in $10$ years. The item costs $ \$200$ today, but its price inflates at $4 \%$ per year. To finance the purchase, Chuck deposits $ \$20$ into an account at the beginning of each year for $6$ years. He deposits an additional $X$ at the beginning of years $4, 5,$ and $6$ to meet his goal. The annual effective interest rate is $10 \%$. Calculate $X$.

This is how i interpret the problem: You have $5$ cash flows starting from $0$ to $5$ of $ \$ 20$. You also have $3$ cash flows at $t=4,5,6$.

I used annuity due formula to shift former cash flow to year $6$, and then accumulate it to year $10$ by the $4$ remaining years.

I used the same approach for the latter:

$(20\ddot{s}_{\overline{5|}i=10\%})(1.1)^4 + (X \ddot{s}_{\overline{3|}i=10\%})(1.1)^3 = 200(1.04)^{10}\tag{1}$

But this does not give me the right answer. Can someone please tell me what I'm doing wrong? Thanks in advance.

2

There are 2 best solutions below

4
On

Each time Chuck puts some money on the bank account, all you need to do is capitalize this amount until maturity. First deposit of 20 will give him $20 * (1.1)^{10}$ at maturity. Second one $20 * (1.1)^{9}$. So the 6 known deposits are treated easily. Then you do the same for the unknown deposits 'X'. A X deposit at beginning of year 4 is capitalized into $x * (1.1)^{7}$ at maturity. It is the same idea for deposits at year 5 and 6.

Then the total of the capitalized deposits must be equal to $200 * (1.04)^{10}$. Which should give you X easily.

0
On

It looks to me like your $\ddot{s}_{\overline{5|}i}$ should be $\ddot{s}_{\overline{6|}i}$. He makes a deposit at the beginning of every year for $6$ years.

Also, the time for the deposits of $X$ aren't at time $t= 4, 5, 6$... they are at the beginning of year $4, 5, 6$, which is time $t = 3, 4, 5$, because we typically start at $t=0$ (which means that any time between time $t=0$ and $t=1$ is during the first year.)

I suggest drawing time diagrams any time you are not absolutely certain. They make it impossible to miscount.