Does anyone know where one would be able to find real world mathematics problems?
For example, given the weight of a satellite and the performance of a rocket, develop a simple mission plan to deliver the cargo to geostationary orbit.
I am interested in applying what I am learning in college to some more complex and involved problems.
The Brachistochrone by 3Blue1Brown might be a good place to start. In general you might find a book on differential geometry interesting, e.g. Millman & Parker or Do Carmo.