If $ f:[a,b]\to\mathbb{R} $ is any Riemann integrable function on $ [a,b] $. Can we express $ f $ as a linear combination of a finite number of monotone functions $\phi_j$? $$ f=\sum\limits_{j=1}^{N} \phi_j $$ where $\phi_j$ is monotone function on $(\xi_{j-1},\xi_{j})$ and $a=\xi_0<\xi_1<\cdots<\xi_N=b$.
2026-03-26 22:55:42.1774565742
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Are every Riemann integrable functions can be expressed as a linear combination of a finite number of monotone functions?
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Another argument goes like this. Monotone functions have countable number of discontinuities and hence their linear combination also has a countable number of discontinuities.
However there are Riemann integrable functions which have uncountable number of discontinuities eg the indicator function of Cantor set (of measure zero).
No. Montone functions are differentiable almost everywhere. If $f$ is a continuous nowhere differentiable function then $f$ is Riemann integrable but it cannot be expressed as a finite sum of monotone functions.