Are some infinite fractions in one counting system non-infinite in another?

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I'm curious whether some infinite periodic fractions in one counting system (e.g. decimal - 10/3 = 3.33333...) turn out to be non-infinite in another system and vice - versa.

Please excuse me if my terminology is not 100% accurate.

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Yes.

$10_{10}/3 = 3 \frac{1}{3} = 10.1_3$, for instance.

Basically, if the denominator divides a sufficiently high power of the base, then the radix representation will terminate.

For example, $128|10^7$, so $\frac{1}{128_{10}}$ terminates in base 10 but continues forever in base 3.