Is there a way to calculate $2^n \pmod{14^8}$ faster than binary exponentiation? The $n$ values in question are very large, for example $2^{65536}$, and the calculations have to be done around $14^8$ times. The ultimate goal is to calculate numbers that use Knuth's up-arrow notation. Maybe the Chinese Remainder Theorem can be used here to reduce the problem space from $14^8$ to $7^8$ or further, as I am using arrays to memoize values.
2026-03-25 15:40:11.1774453211
Calculate $2^n \pmod{14^8}$ with large numbers quickly
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I've found the answer given here. In summary, divide $14^8$ by $2^8$, and use Euler's theorem to find the exponent $\mod \varphi(7^8)$.