If it were to be $\sum _{m=-\infty}^{\infty }t^{m}J_{m}\left( k\right) $, it is known that it is equal to some power of exponentials. But for this case, i could only manage to write
$$\sum _{m=1}^{\infty }t^{m}J_{m}\left( k\right)+\sum _{m=1}^{\infty }t^{m}J_{-m}\left( k\right)+J_0(k)=\sum _{m=-\infty}^{\infty }t^{m}J_{m}\left( k\right) $$
which did not help.
Due to the Jacobi-Anger expansion, $$ e^{ik\cos\theta} = \sum_{n\in\mathbb{Z}} (ie^{i\theta})^n J_n(k) \tag{1} $$ hence:
under the assumption that the LHS is convergent.