Cartesian and Polar Coordinate

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I should give the Cartesian Coordinates $(x,y)\in \mathbb{R\times R}$ and Polar Coordinates $(r,\varphi)\in R^+\times [0,2\pi)$ of the following Complex Numbers:

a) $z_{1}=-i$

b) $z_{2}=\sqrt{3}+i$

c) $z_{3}=3\sqrt{2}\cdot e^{- \frac{\pi}{4}i}$

d) $z_{4}=-4e^{\frac{\pi}{3}i}$


Can someone help me solve this. I found the Cartesian coordinates of a) $(0,-1)$ and b) $(\sqrt{3} \approx1.73, 1)$ but what are the Cartesian coordinates of $z_{3},z_{4}$ and what should i do to find the Polar Coordinates ?

I just got c) i think. I must use the Euler Formula ${ e }^{ iz }=\cos { z+i\sin { z } }$ so it will be $3\sqrt{2}(\cos { (0) } +i\sin { (-\frac { \pi }{ 4 } } )$ right?

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There are 3 best solutions below

5
On BEST ANSWER

We know if $z$ is $(x,y)$ in the Cartesian Coordinates and $(r,\theta)$ in the Polar Coordinates,

$x=r\cos\theta$ and $y=r\sin\theta$ where $r$ is conventionally taken as non-negative

So, $x^2+y^2=r^2\implies r=+\sqrt{x^2+y^2}$

and $\tan\theta =\frac yx\implies \theta=\arctan \frac yx,$ the quandrant of $\theta$ will be dictated by the signs of $\sin\theta$ and $\cos\theta$

For the last two cases, we also need Euler Formula or Identity.

For $(c),3\sqrt2e^{-\frac\pi4i}=3\sqrt2(\cos(-\frac\pi4)+i\sin(-\frac\pi4))$ $=3\sqrt2(\frac1{\sqrt2}-i \frac1{\sqrt2})=3-i$

So, $r=\sqrt{3^2+1^2}=\sqrt{10},\sin\theta= -\frac1{\sqrt{10}}<0,\cos\theta=\frac3{\sqrt{10}}>0$ so $\theta$ lies in the 4th Quadrant.

So, $\theta=\arctan\left(-\frac13\right)$ which lies in the 4th Quadrant

0
On

Hint: $$e^{i\theta}=cos\theta+i\sin\theta$$

4
On

Hint: $z=(x,y)$ then $r = \sqrt {x^2+y^2}$ and $\phi=\tan^{-1}\frac{y}{x}$ and $$r e^{i\phi}= r (\cos \phi + i \sin \phi).$$