In the signature (R, =), where R is a 2-place predicate symbol, we consider the theory of infinite sets with an equivalence relation for which all classes are 2-element. Prove the completeness of this theory.
I have no idea how to do it. I know, that the quantification elimination method can work here. But I have a little experience of using it, so I don't know how to use it here.
Quantifier elimination is overkill. When you're trying to prove that a theory is complete (or really, thinking about a theory at all) you should begin by trying to describe its models (or at least its countable models) up to isomorphism. For example, the easiest proof that DLO (= the theory of dense linear orders without endpoints) is complete is to show that its only countable model (up to isomorphism) is $(\mathbb{Q};<)$ - this is originally due to Cantor, and the simplest application of the generally-quite-useful back-and-forth method - and now simply note that by the Downward Lowenheim-Skolem theorem any $\aleph_0$-categorical (= only one countable model, up to isomorphism) theory with no finite models must be complete.
(And more generally, any theory without finite models which is categorical in some cardinality must be complete.)
With that example in mind, can you see how to describe the countable models of your theory? (HINT: As a first step, if $\mathcal{M}$ is a countable model of your theory, how many equivalence classes must $\mathcal{M}$ have?)