I'm trying to derive the state space model for the following system
$$ L \ddot{\theta} - g \sin(\theta) - \ddot{z} \sin(\theta) = 0 $$
I am allowed to use that $\sin(\theta) \approx \theta$. And I must set $x_1 = \theta$, $x_2 = \dot{\theta}$, input $u = \ddot{z}$, output $y = \theta$.
This is what I have come up with:
$$\begin{aligned} \dot{x} &= \begin{bmatrix} \dot{x}_1 \\ \dot{x}_2 \end{bmatrix} = Ax + Bu = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 1 \\ \frac{g}{L} & 0 \end{bmatrix} x + \begin{bmatrix} 0 \\ \frac{\theta}{L} \end{bmatrix} u\\ y &= Cx + Du = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 \end{bmatrix}x \end{aligned}$$
But I can't have the $\theta$ in $B$, since that is equal to $x_1 = y = \theta$, right? How should I solve it?
Thanks in advance!
This is a nonlinear model, even if you linearize $\sin\theta$ to $\theta$. If you want to linearize it further you would also have to assume that $\theta$ stays close to one value and use that value to define $B$. But if you want to solve this differential equation you could use separation of variables,
$$ \int\!\!\!\int \frac{1}{\sin\theta} d\theta\,d\theta = \int\!\!\!\int \frac{g + u(t)}{L}dt\,dt, $$
but the left hand side does not yield a nice solution.