differential equation with exp in solution

156 Views Asked by At

I have a problem with understanding solution some differential equation. This equation is: $$z'(t) = \frac{\partial f}{\partial x_0} (t, \phi(t,x_0)) \cdot z(t)$$ with initial condition $z(0) = 1$.

It comes from the book Differential equations, dynamical systems, and an introduction to chaos, see page 13.

The authors report that the solution of this differential equation is function: $$z(t) = \exp\left(\int_0^t \frac{\partial f}{\partial x_0} (s, \phi(s,x_0)\,{\rm d}s\right)$$

I'm trying slove that. In first step via separation of variablos I can compute that:

$$\frac{{\rm d}z}{z} = \frac{\partial f}{\partial x_0} (t, \phi(t,x_0))\,{\rm d}t$$

In next step I'm trying integrate both sides od the equation in limits from $0$ to $t$: $$\left.\ln(z)\right|_0^t = \int_0^t \frac{\partial f}{\partial x_0} (s, \phi(s,x_0)\,{\rm d}s$$

Then from definition of logarithm I obtain the following result:

$$z|_0^t = \exp\left(\int_0^t \frac{\partial f}{\partial x_0} (s, \phi(s,x_0)\,{\rm d}s\right)$$

Here is a problem, because on the left side of the equation I have in final form: $z(t) -1$. Could someone exlain me why my solution is other than solution from book? I will be grateful for your help Best regards ;)