Disks with periodic boundary conditions

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I have a Monte Carlo simulation program for hard disks with periodic boundary conditions, but I cannot understand how it works and what exactly is doing. Can someone helps me?

Here is the program:

import pylab

def show_conf(L, sigma, title, fname):

pylab.axes()

for [x, y] in L:

for ix in range(-1, 2):

for iy in range(-1, 2):

cir = pylab.Circle((x + ix, y + iy), radius=sigma, fc='r')

pylab.gca().add_patch(cir)

pylab.axis('scaled')

pylab.title(title)

pylab.axis([0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0])

pylab.savefig(fname)

pylab.show()

pylab.close()

L = [[0.9, 0.9]]

sigma = 0.4

show_conf(L, sigma, 'test graph', 'one_disk.png')