Does a proof exist for the reflexive property (x=x)?

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I have read an article suggesting that proofs or explanations do not exist for some very basic properties in math, including "$x$ is equal to $x$." A preliminary online search did not yield a satisfactory answer.

Does a mathematical proof or other explanation exist for the reflexive property in mathematics?

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A relation $R$ is reflexive if it satisfies $x R x$ for all $x$. It is up to you to show that a particular relation is reflexive.

That having been said, mathematics is bootstrapped by assumptions. These assumptions are called axioms. Long story short: you have to start from somewhere, and hence you have to assume something.

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That is one of the axioms of equality. An axiom in mathematics is a rule that helps you pin down what you're talking about - it defines the system you're using. Equality has to be reflexive because otherwise it wouldn't be equality.