Does the mean of the ratio of the number of distinct prime factors to the number of divisors of natural numbers converge?

118 Views Asked by At

Let $d(n)$ and $\omega(n)$ be the number of divisors and the number of distinct prime factors of $n$ respectively. What is the limiting value of

$$ \lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{1}{n}\sum_{r=1}^n \frac{\omega(r)}{d(r)} $$

For $n \le 23275000000 $, the value is approximately $0.275967$.

2

There are 2 best solutions below

0
On BEST ANSWER

Just to expand on my comment on tomos's answer: we always have $d(r) \geq 2^{\omega(r)}$, so when $\omega(r)$ is large, we have $$ \frac{\omega(r)}{d(r)} \leq \frac{\omega(r)}{2^{\omega(r)}} \to 0. $$ But recall that for all $m$, asymptotically $100\%$ of positive integers $r$ have $\omega(r) > m$. Now let $\varepsilon > 0$. By the previous statement, there exists some $N$ such that for all $n > N$, the proportion of integers $r$ in $[1, n]$ with $\frac{\omega(r)}{2^{\omega(r)}} \geq \frac{\varepsilon}{2}$ is less than $\frac{\varepsilon}{2}$. Then the sum $$ \sum_{r=1}^n \frac{\omega(r)}{d(r)} $$ can be split into two pieces: one containing at most $n$ terms that are each less than $\frac{\varepsilon}{2}$, and the other containing fewer than $\frac{n \varepsilon}{2}$ terms, each of them at most $1$. This yields $$ \sum_{r=1}^n \frac{\omega(r)}{d(r)} < n \cdot \frac{\varepsilon}{2} + \frac{n \varepsilon}{2} \cdot 1 = n \varepsilon. $$ So the average is less than $\epsilon$ whenever $n$ is large enough; i.e. it converges to $0$.

5
On

I don't know but I think I should point out the following: It's known that \[ \sum _{r=1}^n\omega (r)\sim n\log \log n\] and \[ \sum _{r=1}^nd(r)\sim n\log n,\] so that "$\omega (r)\approx \log \log r$ on average and $d(r)\approx \log r$ on average", so I guess we'd expect \[ \sum _{r=1}^n\frac {\omega (r)}{d(r)}\] to be "like" \[ \sum _{r=1}^n\frac {\log \log r}{\log r}\approx \int _{1}^n\frac {\log \log rdt}{\log r}\ll \log \log n \cdot \frac {n}{\log n}\] so we'd expect
\[ \frac {1}{n}\sum _{r=1}^n\frac {\omega (r)}{d(r)}\approx \frac {\log \log n}{\log n}\rightarrow 0.\]