I have an engineering instructor who has claimed that "equivalence relations and one-to-one correspondences are pretty much the same thing".
However, I believe the answers to both of the following statements are decided false:
1. If $R_1$ is an equivalence relation on a (possibly infinite) set $A$, then $R_1$ is a one-to-one correspondence from $A$ to $A$.
2. If $R_2$ a one-to-one correspondence from $A$ to $A$, then $R_2$ is an equivalence relation on $A$.
Unfortunately I cannot provide more context to the instructor's statement; frankly, I have no idea why he even brought this up. But can his statement actually make sense, if it is put on a more precise footing?
Are you sure he didn't say equivalence relations and partitions are the same thing? (Wikipedia)
However, it is certainly false that equivalence relations are the same as bijections from a set to itself. If nothing else, consider that for example, there are 5 equivalence relations on the set $X=\{a,b,c\}$, and 6 bijections from $X$ to itself.