Let $f: [0,\infty) \to \mathbb{R}$ be a bounded continuous function.
Suppose that $$f((1+n)x + J) \to C \in \mathbb{R}$$ for $x$ fixed (and positive) as $n \to \infty$ ($n \in \mathbb{N}$) and $J \to \infty$. How can I prove that we have
$$f(x) \to C$$ as $x \to \infty$?
Let's show that $f(y)\rightarrow C$ as $y\rightarrow \infty$ - changing $x$ into $y$ in order to avoid confusion.
For any real $y$:
Define $n(y)=floor({y/2x})-1$ as the biggest integer s.t. $(1+n)x\leqslant y/2$
Define $J(y)=y-(1+n(y))x$
$n(y)$ and $J(y) \rightarrow \infty$ when $y\rightarrow \infty$ (both are equivalent to $y/2$)
Applying your formula, you get that
$f(y)=f((1+n(y))x+J(y))\rightarrow C$ when $y\rightarrow \infty$.