Error estimate of polynomial quadratures missing some terms

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Normally, for trapezoid rule and simpson's rule, etc, error analysis is done by using the error formula for interpolation. However, if the polynomial is restricted to some terms, for example, a quadrature of $ax^{3}+bx$ (simpson's 3/8 rule with two terms set to $0$), that method no longer applies. And this quadrature does not behave uniformly, since the error is very large at $0$. The question is, what method should I use to derive the error of such a quadrature?