Error when computing geodesics in hyperbolic half plane

489 Views Asked by At

It is known that the geodesic equations for the upper half plane equipped with the hyperbolic metric are

$$x''=\frac{2x'y'}{y},$$ $$y''=\frac{(y')^2 -(x')^2}{y}.$$

It is also well known that the geodesics are semi-circles lying on the x-axis. However, I am encountering difficulties when I attempt to verify this fact.

I am trying to follow the solution to part (b) of problem 5 on paper 1 here.

The path $\tilde \gamma(t)=(\cos(t),\sin(t))$, when re-parameterized, should be a geodesic. At the point $(\cos(t),\sin(t))$, the unit tangent vector is $$(-\sin^2(t), \sin(t)\cos(t)).$$ So we need $$x''(t)=\frac{2(-\sin^2(t))(\sin(t)\cos(t)}{\sin(t)},$$ or $$x''(t)=-2\sin^2(t)\cos(t).$$ However, $(-\sin^2(t))'=-2\cos(t)\sin(t)$, which is not quite what we want. I'm confused why this does not line up. I suppose because the velocity field does not arise from a curve.

How can this be fixed up?

2

There are 2 best solutions below

7
On BEST ANSWER

Recall that $$ 0=E_1(E_j,E_k)= \frac{1}{y^2} \{ \Gamma_{1j}^k + \Gamma_{1k}^j \} \Rightarrow \Gamma_{1j}^k =-\Gamma_{1k}^j $$

$$ -2y^{-3}= E_2(E_2,E_2)= \frac{1}{y^2} (2\Gamma_{22}^2) \Rightarrow \Gamma_{22}^2= - \frac{1}{y} $$

By definition,

$$ \Gamma_{12}^1 = -\frac{1}{y}$$

If $$ v= (-\sin^2 t, \sin\ t\cos\ t) :=fE_1+ g E_2$$ then $$ v (F(t))= y \frac{d}{dt} F(t) $$ and $$ \nabla_vv = \nabla_v (fE_1) + \nabla_v (gE_2) $$ $$= v(f) E_1+ v(g)E_2 + f\nabla_vE_1 + g\nabla_vE_2 $$ $$ = y(f',g') + f ( f \Gamma_{11}^i E_i + g \Gamma_{21}^i E_i) + g( f \Gamma_{12}^i E_i + g \Gamma_{22}^i E_i ) $$

$$ = y(f',g') + f^2 \Gamma_{11}^2E_2 +2f g \Gamma_{12}^1 E_1 + g^2 \Gamma_{22}^2 E_2 =0 $$

3
On

You shouldn't assume that the naive parametrization $(\text{cos}(t), \text{sin}(t))$ will solve the equation. It doesn't, as it clearly doesn't satisfy even the first differential equation. However, if you assume a more general form $x(t) = \text{cos}(f(t))$, $y(t)= \text{sin}(f(t))$, which still traces out a semicircle (but with a different speed), then it should be possible to find an $f(t)$ namely a reparametrization which makes the geodesic equations satisfied. If you plug in the above ansatz, both equations tell you that you need to solve $$f''(t) = \text{cot}(f(t)) (f'(t))^2,$$ which is solved by

$$f(t) = 2\text{cot}^{-1}(e^t)$$