Evaluate $\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}2}\frac1{(1+x^2)(1+\tan x)}\,\Bbb dx$

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Evaluate the following integral $$ \tag1\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\frac1{(1+x^2)(1+\tan x)}\,\Bbb dx $$


My Attempt:

Letting $x=\frac{\pi}{2}-x$ and using the property that

$$ \int_{0}^{a}f(x)\,\Bbb dx = \int_{0}^{a}f(a-x)\,\Bbb dx $$

we obtain

$$ \tag2\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\frac{\tan x}{\left(1+\left(\frac{\pi}{2}-x\right)^2\right)(1+\tan x)}\,\Bbb dx $$

Now, add equation $(1)$ and $(2)$. After that I do not understand how I can proceed further.

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Let us try to understand the computer-based answer of Oliver Oloa.

Rational decomposition.

Is known the rational decomposition of the trigonometric functions in the forms of $$\tan z = \sum\limits_{n=0}^\infty\dfrac{8z}{\pi^2\left(2n+1\right)^2 - 4z^2},\tag{R1}$$ $$\sec z = \sum\limits_{n=0}^\infty (-1)^n\dfrac{4\pi(2n+1)}{\pi^2\left(2n+1\right)^2 - 4z^2},\tag{R2}$$ with the corollaries $$\tanh z =-i\tan(iz) = \sum\limits_{n=0}^\infty\dfrac{8z}{\pi^2\left(2n+1\right)^2 + 4z^2},\tag{R3}$$ $$\operatorname{sech}z = \sec(iz) = \sum\limits_{n=0}^\infty (-1)^n\dfrac{4\pi(2n+1)}{\pi^2\left(2n+1\right)^2 + 4z^2}.\tag{R4}$$

Preparation.

$$I=\int\limits_0^{\Large^\pi/_2}\dfrac{\text dx}{(1+x^2)(1+\tan x)} =\dfrac12\int\limits_0^{\Large^\pi/_2}\left(\dfrac{1+\tan x}{1+\tan x} -\dfrac{\tan x-1}{1+\tan x}\right)\,\dfrac{\text dx}{1+x^2}$$ $$=\dfrac12\int\limits_0^{\Large^\pi/_2}\dfrac{\text dx}{1+x^2} -\dfrac12\int\limits_0^{\Large^\pi/_2}\tan\left(x-\dfrac\pi4\right)\,\dfrac{\text dx}{1+x^2},$$ $$I=\dfrac12\int\limits_0^{\Large^\pi/_2}\dfrac{\text dx}{1+x^2} -\dfrac12\int\limits_0^{\Large^\pi/_2}\sum\limits_{n=0}^\infty g_n(x)\,\text dx,\tag1$$ where, taking in account $(R1),$ $$g_n(x)=\dfrac{2x-\large\frac\pi2}{\pi^2\left(n+\large\frac12\right)^2 - \left(x-\large\frac\pi4\right)^2}\cdot\dfrac1{1+x^2}.\tag2$$

Partial fractions.

The functions $\;g_n(x)\;$ allow decomposition in the form of $$g_n(x)=\dfrac{A_nx+B_n}{1+x^2} + \dfrac {C_n}{\pi n+\frac34\pi-x} + \dfrac {D_n}{\pi n+\frac14\pi+x}.\tag3$$ Then $$C_n=\lim_{\large x\to \pi n+\frac34\pi}\, \left(\pi n+\frac34\pi-x\right)g_n(x) = \dfrac{16}{(4 n\pi+3\pi)^2 +16},$$ $$D_n=\lim_{\large x\to -\pi n-\frac14\pi}\, \left(\pi n+\frac14\pi+x\right)g_n(x) = -\dfrac{16}{(4n\pi+\pi)^2 +16},$$ $$A_n-C_n+D_n=\lim_{\large x\to \infty}\, x g_n(x) = 0,\quad A_n=C_n-D_n,$$ $$B_n+ \dfrac {C_n}{\pi n+\frac34\pi} + \dfrac {D_n}{\pi n+\frac14\pi} =g_n(0) = -\dfrac8{\pi(16n^2+16n+3)},$$ $$B_n = \dfrac4{4\pi n+3\pi} -\dfrac4{4\pi n+\pi} - \dfrac {4C_n}{4\pi n+3\pi} - \dfrac {4D_n}{4\pi n+\pi}.$$ $$B_n = 4(4\pi n+3\pi)C_n + 4(4\pi n+\pi)D_n.$$

Let $$U_k = \dfrac{16}{(2k\pi+\pi)^2+16},$$ then, taking in account $(R3)-(R4),$ $$D_n = -U_{2n},\quad C_n=U_{2n+1},\;$$ $$\sum\limits_{n=0}^\infty A_n = \sum\limits_{n=0}^\infty U_n = \tanh2,\tag4$$ $$\sum\limits_{n=0}^\infty B_n = \sum\limits_{n=0}^\infty (-1)^{n+1}4\pi(2n+1)U_n = -\operatorname{sech}2.\tag5$$

Integration.

$$I=\dfrac12\int\limits_0^{\Large^\pi/_2}\dfrac{\text dx}{1+x^2} -\dfrac12\int\limits_0^{\Large^\pi/_2}\sum\limits_{n=0}^\infty g_n(x)\,\text dx$$ $$ = \dfrac12 \arctan \,\dfrac\pi2-\dfrac12\sum\limits_{n=0}^\infty \left(\dfrac12 A_n \ln\left(\dfrac{\pi^2}4+1\right) +B_n \arctan \,\dfrac\pi2+(C_n+D_n) \ln\dfrac{4n + 3}{4n+1}\right),$$ $$I=-\dfrac14\tanh 2\ln\left(\dfrac{\pi^2}4+1\right) + \dfrac{1+\operatorname{sech}2}2 \arctan \,\dfrac\pi2-\dfrac12 I_1,\tag6$$ where $$I_1=\sum\limits_{n=0}^\infty (C_n+D_n) \ln\dfrac{4n + 3}{4n+1},\tag7$$ with the representations $$I_1=\sum\limits_{n=0}^\infty \dfrac{128\pi^2(2n+1)}{\pi^4((4n+2)^2-1)^2 +32\pi^2((4n+2)^2+1)+256}\,\ln\dfrac{4n+3}{4n+1}\tag{7a}$$

I1-S Sum S

and $$I_1=\sum\limits_{n=0}^\infty \Im\left(-\dfrac4{4\pi n+3\pi+4i}+\dfrac4{4\pi n+\pi+4i}\right) \ln\dfrac{4n + 3}{4n+1}.\tag{7b}$$

The poly-Stieltjes constants using.

The poly-Stieltjjes constants do not belong to the standard special functions, but they are defined in the Oliver Oloa answer as the known specific functions.

In particular, from $(7b)$ and the given definition in the form of $$\gamma_1(a,b) = \lim\limits_{N\to\infty}\left(\sum\limits_{n=1}^N \dfrac{\ln(n+a)}{n+b} - \dfrac{\ln N^2}2\right)\tag{$\large\diamond$}$$ should $$\begin{align} &I_1= \dfrac{16}{16+9\pi^2}\,\ln3 - \dfrac1\pi \Im\left(\gamma_1\left(\small\dfrac34,\frac34+\frac i\pi\right) - \gamma_1\left(\small\dfrac14,\frac34+\frac i\pi\right) \right)\\[4pt] &-\dfrac{16}{16+\pi^2}\,\ln3 + \dfrac1\pi \Im\left(\gamma_1\left(\small\dfrac34,\frac14+\frac i\pi\right) - \gamma_1\left(\small\dfrac14,\frac14+\frac i\pi\right) \right), \end{align}\tag8$$

$$\begin{align} &I=-\dfrac14\tanh 2\ln\left(\dfrac{\pi^2}4+1\right) + \dfrac{1+\operatorname{sech}2}2 \arctan \,\dfrac\pi2 +\dfrac{64\pi^2}{(16+\pi^2)(16+9\pi^2)}\\[4pt] &+\dfrac1{2\pi}\Im\left(\gamma_1\left(\small\dfrac34,\frac34+\frac i\pi\right) - \gamma_1\left(\small\dfrac14,\frac34+\frac i\pi\right) \right)\\[4pt] &- \dfrac1{2\pi} \Im\left(\gamma_1\left(\small\dfrac34,\frac14+\frac i\pi\right) - \gamma_1\left(\small\dfrac14,\frac14+\frac i\pi\right) \right). \end{align}\tag9$$

Formula $(9)$ gives the closed-form representation, which cannot be used in the popular package Wolfram Alpha.

Results.

  • Obtained the alternatiive notation of the poly-Stieltjes closed form $(9)$ for the given integral.
  • Obtained the calculating formulas $(6),(7a)$ via the elementary functions series. Evaluated value

Integral I Integral I, value

corresponds to the numerical calculations of the given integral

Numerical calculations of I.