Examples of open ended calculus "class project" ideas

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I have instructed calculus I an II, each once, at the college level and would like to emphasize that math is not just about memorizing formulas and concepts for a test and that applied math is not a bunch of contrived word problems. I would like to encourage my students to do a a "final project" the next time I teach the course (or at least the next time I have a bit more power to set the curriculum). For those of you who have done this before, what types of questions have you asked? and what were the students solutions like? Did you find your projects were manageable enough with just the calculus they learned and some basic research about whatever topic they chose? The next time you teach calculus will you do it again? I'd like to have at least one or two theory and application choices, plus an option for them to choose their own topic (requiring my approval for this option).

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Here are some I have used that do not require precise measurements

  1. Cooling of a hot cup of water. Take measurement every 5 minutes and deduce that the change is proportional to the average over 5 minutes. This fits in neatly with exponential functions, (don't tell them that it is a differential equation!)

  2. Use numerical integration (Riemann sums) to find $$\int_0^1 \frac{1}{1+x^2} dx$$ Though I used this as part of a programming class. But they should be able to manually calculate this with say 10 divisions. Great way to emphasize Riemann sums.