Exercise 2.5.8 Pedersen's Analysis Now

203 Views Asked by At

I'm trying to do the following problem, and I'm getting hung up on one part. Here is the problem:

Let $f: X \longrightarrow \mathfrak{X}$ be a continuous map from a compact Hausdorff space $X$ into a Banach space $\mathfrak{X}$, with $\mu$ a Radon measure on $X$. Consider elements of the form: $$I_{\lambda}(f) = \sum_{k=1}^n f(s_k)\mu(E_k)$$ where the $E_k$'s are Borel sets partitioning $X$ and $s_k \in E_k \subset \{s \in X \: | \: \lvert f(s)-f(s_k) \rVert \leq \epsilon \}$ for $\epsilon > 0$. With $\lambda = \{E_1,\dots,E_n,\epsilon\}$, prove that $(I_{\lambda}(f))_{\lambda \in \Lambda}$ is a convergent net. We denote the limit by: $$\int_{X} f(s) \: d\mu(s).$$

My main issue I'm having is what the ordering needs to be on the set $\Lambda$. I figured at first that I would want something like $\lambda \leq \mu$ if and only if $\mu$ contains a refinement of the partition in $\lambda$, and $\epsilon_{\mu} \leq \epsilon_{\lambda}$. However, this doesn't seem to work, as the smaller the $\epsilon$ I stipulate, this seems to directly affect how many $E_k$'s I would need in my partition since $E_k \subset \{s \in X \: | \: \lVert f(s)-f(s_k) \rVert \leq \epsilon\}$. Hence if $\epsilon > 0$ was really small, I should expect there to be many more $E_k$'s as $\mu(\{s \in X \: | \: \lVert f(s)-f(s_k) \rVert \leq \epsilon\}) \longrightarrow 0$ as $\epsilon \rightarrow 0^{+}$.

Thus, my point is that I shouldn't be able to just change $\epsilon$ independently of changing the $E_1,\dots,E_n$. But this goes against what my ordering is supposedly okay with.

Is there another ordering I'm supposed to be using?

1

There are 1 best solutions below

9
On BEST ANSWER

Your proposed ordering works fine. To be precise, we should say that $\Lambda$ consists of triples $(\{E_1,\dots,E_n\},\epsilon,\{s_1,\dots,s_n\})$ with each $s_k\in E_k$, and $(\{E_1,\dots,E_n\},\epsilon,\{s_1,\dots,s_n\})\leq (\{F_1,\dots,F_m\},\eta,\{t_1,\dots,t_m\})$ if $\eta\leq \epsilon$ and each $F_l$ is contained in $E_k$ for some $k$.

Then given $\epsilon>0$, choose a partition $\lambda_0=(\{E_1,\dots,E_n\},\epsilon_0,\{s_1,\dots,s_n\})$ with $\epsilon_0<\frac{\epsilon}{\mu(X)}$.

(To see that such a partition exists, note that at each $x\in X$, we have by continuity a neighborhood $U$ where $\|f(y)-f(x)\|<\epsilon/2$ for $y\in U$. By compactness there is a finite cover $U_1,\dots,U_n$ of $X$ of such neighborhoods, and so we may take $E_1=U_1$, $E_k=U_k\backslash\bigcup_{j<k}E_j$ as our partition, and may choose any points in $E_k$ as our $s_k$.)

Then for any partition $\lambda=(\{F_1,\dots,F_m\},\eta,\{t_1,\dots,t_m\})$ with $\lambda\geq \lambda_0$, we have each $F_l$ contained in some $E_{k_l}$, so we can estimate

\begin{align*} \|I_\lambda(f)-I_{\lambda_0}(f)\| &=\left\|\sum_{k=1}^nf(s_k)\mu(E_k) -\sum_{l=1}^m f(t_l)\mu(F_l) \right\| \\ &= \left\|\sum_{l=1}^mf(s_{k_l})\mu(F_l) -\sum_{l=1}^m f(t_l)\mu(F_l) \right\|\\ &= \left\|\sum_{l=1}^m(f(s_{k_l})-f(t_l))\mu(F_l) \right\|\\ &\leq \sum_{l=1}^m\left\|(f(s_{k_l})-f(t_l)) \right\|\mu(F_l)\\ &\leq \epsilon_0\sum_{l=1}^m\mu(F_l) = \epsilon_0\mu(X)<\epsilon\text{.} \end{align*}

It quickly follows that the net is a Cauchy net, hence by completeness of $\mathfrak X$ the net converges.