Existence of a sequence which is good for mean convergence but not good for pointwise convergence

129 Views Asked by At

The ergodic theorems talk about the limit behaviour of the ergodic averages. For example, if $(X,\chi,\mu,T)$ is a measure preserving system, where $\mu$ is a probability measure on $X$, then we have the mean ergodic theorem: $$\text{If f}\in L^1(X),\text{ then we have that} \frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^nf(T^ix) \text{ converges in } L^1.$$ and the pointwise ergodic theorem: $$\text{If f}\in L^1(X),\text{ then we have that } \frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^nf(T^ix) \text{ converges almost everywhere.}$$ Now we can consider a more general ergodic average of the form: $$\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^nf(T^{a(i)}x)$$ where $\{a(i)\}$ is a sequence of natural numbers with $a(1)<a(2)<\ldots$. If the averages converges in $L^1$, then we say that $\{a(i)\}$ is good for mean convergence, and similarly for pointwise convergence. In general not every sequence is good for the two kinds of convergence.

Now my question is that: does there exist a sequence which is good for mean convergence but not good for pointwise convergence? I think such one exists but can not give an example.