Find all isomorphisms between the group of rotations of the square and the group (Z4, +4)

70 Views Asked by At

My solution:

$C4$ = {$e,r,r^2,r^3$} where e-identity element and r is rotation by 90°

$Z4$ = {$0,1,2,3$}

$|Z4|=|C4|=4$

We see that both groups are cyclic.

$C4$ is generated by $r$ and $r^3$.

$Z4$ is generated by $1$ and $3$.

We know that cyclic groups of same order are isomorphic.

We know that isomorphism preserves the order of the element.

Order of the elements:

$|e|=1 ------- |0|=1$

$|r|=4 -------|1|=4$

$|r^2|=2 -------|2|=2$

$|r^3|=4 ---- ---|3|= 4$

We see that in both groups there is 1 element with order equal 1, 1 element with order equal 2 and 2 elements with order equal 4.

So we can create 2 mappings:

ψ : C4 -> Z4

$ψ(e)=0$

$ψ(r)=1$

$ψ(r^2)=2$

$ψ(r^3)=3$

ϕ: C4 -> Z4

$ϕ(e)=0$

$ϕ(r)=3$

$ϕ(r^2)=2$

$ϕ(r^3)=1$

Both mappings are of course bijective because they are 1-1 and onto.

Now we have to prove that ψ and ϕ are homomorphisms.

Let's begin with $ϕ$ :

Let $\phi(r^m)=3m$

$\phi(r^mr^n) = \phi(r^{m+n}) = 3(m+n) = 3m + 3n = \phi(r^m) + \phi(r^n)$.

So ϕ is homomorphism and a bijection so ϕ is isomorphic.

Now we do the same with ψ:

Let $\psi(r^a)=a$

$\psi(r^ar^b) = \psi(r^{a+b}) = a + b =\psi(r^a) + \psi(r^b)$.

So $ψ$ is homomorphism and a bijection so $ψ$ is isomorphic.

We have proved that there exist 2 isomorphisms between $Z4$ and $C4$.