Find the integrating factor of IDE,

90 Views Asked by At

First of all, the question is not about the general solution. My question on my book asks me to find the integrating factor.

Suppose I have simple IDE

$$(\sin y)\mathbb dx +(\cos x)\mathbb dy=0$$

I don't know how to find the integrating factor $(\mu)$ manually.

What i've done so far is :

Suppose it has form

$$M(x,y) \mathbb dx+N(x,y) \mathbb dy=0$$

Case 1 : $\mu$ is a function of $x$ only

$$\begin{aligned} \mu&=\frac{\frac{\partial M}{\partial y}-\frac{\partial N}{\partial x}}{N}\\ &=\frac{\cos y +\sin x}{\cos x} \end{aligned}$$

It doesn't work, cz still remaining the $y$

Case 2 : $\mu$ is a function of $y$ only

$$\begin{aligned} \mu&=\frac{\frac{\partial N}{\partial x}-\frac{\partial M}{\partial y}}{M}\\ &=\frac{-\sin x -\cos y}{\sin y} \end{aligned}$$

Still remaining the $x$

Case 3 : $\mu$ is a function of $xy$

$$\begin{aligned} \mu&=\frac{\frac{\partial M}{\partial y}-\frac{\partial N}{\partial x}}{My - Nx}\\ &=\frac{\cos y +\sin x}{y \sin x-x \sin y} \end{aligned}$$

I have no idea for this one...


But, when i use trial and error, i found

$$\mu=\csc y\cdot \sec x$$

But it's just a guess.

How to find the integrating factor systematically? I mean using such $\mu=e^{\int f(x)\,\mathbb dx}$?

Help me, and thanks.

1

There are 1 best solutions below

5
On

$$\sin y \,dx + \cos x dy =0 ~~~(1)\implies \frac{dx}{\cos x}+ \frac{dy}{\sin y}=0~~~(2).$$ Integrating, we get $$ \ln|\tan(x)+\sec(x)|- \ln|\cot(y)+\csc(y)|=C.$$

Note it is as though $IF = \dfrac{1}{\cos x \sin y}= \sec x \csc y,$ which upon multiplying the ODE (1) makes it EXACT as (2) where $$\frac{\partial M}{\partial y}= \frac{\partial N}{\partial x}.$$