Usually an homogeneous linear recurrence relation of degree $k$ with $k \in\mathbb{Z}$ of the form
$$u_n = c_1u_{n-1} + c_2u_{n-2} + c_3u_{n-3} + \ldots + c_ku_{n-k}$$
has the characteristic polynomial equation of degree $k$ where each $x$-variable is raised to the power of the corresponding rank assuming $n=k$
$$x^k = c_1x^{k-1} + c_2x^{k-2} + c_3x^{k-3} + \ldots + c_{k-1}x^1 + c_kx^0$$
We know a linear recurrence relation is called non-homogeneous if it is in the form
$$u_n = c_1u_{n-1} + c_2u_{n-2} + c_3u_{n-3} + \ldots + c_ku_{n-k} + f \left(n \right)\quad\text{where}\quad f \left(n \right)\neq 0$$
The solution $\left(a_n \right)$ of a non-homogeneous recurrence relation has two parts.
First part is the solution $\left(a_h \right)$ of the associated homogeneous recurrence relation (obtained by removing the $f \left(n \right)$-part) and the second part is the particular solution $\left(a_t \right)$.
The final solution then have this form
$$a_n = a_h + a_t$$
The solution $\left(a_h \right)$ is determined by solving the characteristic polynomial equation, but what about the particular solution $\left(a_t \right)$?
I am trying to solve the following sequence $\begin{cases} u_0 &= 1 \\ u_n &= 1.5u_{n-1} + 2n \end{cases}$
Sketch (for a solution that does everything at once):
Consider
$$u_n=1.5u_{n-1}+2n$$ and $$ u_{n-1}=1.5u_{n-2}+2(n-1). $$
Subtracting these from each other gives $$ u_n-u_{n-1}=1.5u_{n-1}-1.5u_{n-2}+2 $$ or that $$ u_n=2.5u_{n-1}-1.5u_{n-2}+2 $$
Therefore, $$ u_{n-1}=2.5u_{n-2}-1.5u_{n-3}+2. $$
Subtracting these two gives \begin{align*} u_n-u_{n-1}&=(2.5u_{n-1}-1.5u_{n-2}+2)-(2.5u_{n-2}-1.5u_{n-3}+2)\\ &=2.5u_{n-1}-4u_{n-2}+1.5u_{n-3} \end{align*} or that $$ u_n=3.5u_{n-1}-4u_{n-2}+1.5u_{n-3}. $$
This last equation can be solved using the standard homogeneous recurrence formula.
The characteristic polynomial is then $$ x^3-3.5x^2+4x-1.5=(x-1)^2\left(x-1.5\right). $$ Therefore, the general form for $u_n$ is $$ u_n=c_1(1)^n+c_2n(1)^n+c_3(1.5)^n=c_1+c_2n+c_3(1.5)^n, $$ where the constants $c_1$, $c_2$, and $c_3$ are to be determined.
Plugging into the first recurrence, we have $$ c_1+c_2n+c_3(1.5)^n=1.5(c_1+c_2(n-1)+c_3(1.5)^{n-1})+2n $$ or that $$ c_1+c_2n=1.5c_1+1.5c_2n-1.5c_2+2n. $$ Since this equation must be true for any $n$, the corresponding coefficients must be equal. In other words, the coefficients without $n$'s satisfy $$ c_1=1.5c_1-1.5c_2 $$ and the coefficients with $n$ satisfy $$ c_2=1.5c_2+2. $$ In other words, $c_2=-4$ and $c_1=-12$.
Thus, the solution is of the form $$ u_n=-12-4n+c_3(1.5)^n. $$ Finally, using the initial value, $$ u_0=1=-12+c_3 $$ gives $$ c_3=13. $$
Putting this all together, the solution to the recurrence is $$ u_n=-12-4n+13(1.5)^n. $$
The homogeneous and particular setup here is a little complicated to express, the $(1.5)^n$ would be a solution to the homogeneous (with the initial condition $u_0=1$) and $-12-4n+12(1.5)^n$ is a solution to the particular with $u_0=0$). If you want to use the homogeneous and particular setup, you must be careful about the initial conditions.