Finding all primes $p$ such that $5p + 1$ is a perfect square. I'm aware a perfect square is a natural number of the form $n^2$ but have no idea as to how to go about this.
2026-05-13 19:43:30.1778701410
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Finding all primes $p$ such that $5p + 1$ is a perfect square.
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More generally, to find all solutions to $pq+1=\square$ where $p$ and $q$ are prime:
$pq = n^2-1 =(n+1)(n-1)$.
If $n=2$, $pq = 3$ which can not be.
If $n > 2$ then either $n+1 = p, n-1 = q$ or $n-1 = p, n+1 = q$.
In the first case, $n = p-1 = q+1$ so $p = q+2, n = q+1$.
Therefore $p$ and $q$ must be a twin prime pair.
$$ n^2 - 1 = (n+1)(n-1) = 5 p $$