I run in to a real problem which must be a classic, only I cannot find the answer. I know Fourier transform shifts a signal from the time spectrum to the frequency spectrum. Is there a similar transform to shift a function from the time spectrum to the phase spectrum?
I.e., where Fourier translates $g(t) \rightarrow a_0 / 2 \sum_1^\infty a_n \cos(nt) +b_n \sin(nt)$ I am wondering if there is a likewise transform that translates $g(t) \rightarrow a_0 + \sum_1^\infty a_n \cos(t+2\pi/n) +b_n \sin(t+2\pi/n)$? Or anything of the likes of that?
This would be a very bad transformation.
Imagine, you would have $$g(t) = a_0 / 2 +\sum_1^\infty a_n \cos(t+2\pi/n) +b_n \sin(t+2\pi/n)$$ Which would yield $$g''(t) =-( \sum_1^\infty a_n \cos(t+2\pi/n) +b_n \sin(t+2\pi/n) ) = -g(t) -a_0/2$$ Which isn't true for arbitary function. Also $g^{[n]}(t)$ is never the zero function for any n. So you couldn't represent any function with a vanashing derivative, e.g. polynomials.