So the question is:
The number of hours left in a day on Mars was $\frac{1}{4}$ on the number of hours that had already passed. How many hours were left in the day?
Day on Mars: $40$ hours.
I did $\frac{1}{4}\times40$ and got $10$. It seems a bit too simple of a solution, is this answer correct?
No, your solution is not correct. Let $x$ be the number of hours that already passed during the day. The number of hours remaining would then be $\dfrac{x}{4}$. Since a day is $40$ hours, you have
$$x+\frac{x}{4}=40$$ Can you continue?