Gamma ($\Gamma$) Convergence of Functionals

216 Views Asked by At

Consider a set $X$, and consider a sequence of functionals on $X$, that is maps $F_n: X \to \mathbb{R}$. We say that $F_n$ "$\Gamma$" converges to $F$, if the limit satisfies:

  1. $F(x) \leq \inf\{\liminf _{n \to \infty} F_n(x_n) : x_n \to x\}$

that is to say, for any sequence we $x_n \to x$ we choose, we have that $F(x) \leq \liminf_{n \to \infty} F_n(x_n) $. The second is the existence of a "$\Gamma$" realizing sequence, that is, there exists a sequence $x_n \to x$, that satisfies:

  1. $\limsup_{n\to \infty} F_n(x_n) \leq F(x)$

I have the following two questions about this limit.

First, is it accurate to replace condition $2$ with the condition that there exists a sequence $x_n$ such that $\lim_{n \to \infty} F_n(x_n) \to F(x)$ ? (I.e., replacing the limsup with a bona-fide limit).

Second, is the characterization of $F(x)$ as :$$ F(x) = \min\{\liminf_{n \to \infty} F(x_n) : x_n \to x\} $$ accurate? Is there an example of when this inf is not acheived? (i.e, we have no "realizing sequence"?

1

There are 1 best solutions below

1
On

If we take the realizing sequence according to (2) and put it into (1), then $$ F(x) \le \liminf F_n(x_n) \le \limsup F_n(x_n)\le F(x), $$ which shows $F(x) = \lim F_n(x_n)$ for this particular sequence.

So, yes, given condition (1), we can replace 'lim sup' by 'lim' in (2).