We know that normal matrices are diagonalizable, but the converse is not true. For example, see here. Since a diagonalizable matrix represents a scaling operation under certain basis, so I wonder what additional geometrical meanings a normal matrix processes to be distinguished from other diagonalizable matrices. In other words, how to geometrically interpret matrices that can be diagonalized by unitary and non-unitary matrices? Thanks!
2026-03-26 12:35:56.1774528556
Geometrical meanings of diagonalizable and normal matrices
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So, eigenvectors are the axes where there is a magnification/contraction.
For normal matrices, these axes are orthogonal to each other, thus, a matrix is normal if and only if it represents a linear transform that scales the coordinate axes, (in a suitable chosen orthogonal basis).
A diagonalizable matrix in general is a similar linear transform, (scaling of the coordinate axes), but the basis need not to be orthogonal.