Give a list of all the numbers $n$ such that $n$ has a primitive root

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Is there a way of generalizing all the numbers that have primitive roots?

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You say "generalizing", but I think you mean "generating." I answer as though the question said the latter.

Yes, it's very easy to know which integers have primitive roots. $n$ has a primitive root if and only if $n$ is $2, 4, p^k,$ or $2p^k$, where $p$ is any odd prime and $k$ is any positive integer.