$∀\, x \, \{x\in\mathbb N\rightarrow P(x)\}$ can be abbreviated to $∀ \hspace{.1cm} x∈ℕ[P(x)].$ But, I am not sure how I can indicate "concisely" that n and k are natural numbers in ∀n[(∀k < n P(k)) → P(n)], which is strong induction.
To do it verbosely, I could write $∀n∈N[∀k∈N(k<n \rightarrow P(k)) → P(n)]$, but it looks ugly and is difficult to read.
I usually write this as
$$\forall n\in\Bbb N,(\forall k\in\{1\dots n-1\},P(k)\implies P(n))$$
where $\{1\dots n-1\}$ is the set of integers between $1$ and $n-1$ inclusive. Example. If you have a notation for $\Bbb N\cap[1,n)$ instead of $\Bbb N\cap[1,n-1]$ that's even better (but I think would not be as universally recognized as $\{1\dots n-1\}$).