How can one formalize elementary-ness?

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I'm trying to decipher what general principals generalize all elementary functions.

Does the following hold?:

All elementary functions $y = f(x)$ are a solution an equation of the form $P(x,e^x,\ln(x),y) = Q(x,e^x,\ln(x))$?

Because if you have just $x,$ you have all algebraic equations to start with encapsulated as being solutions to $P(y) = Q(x).$