How is a plus-minus sign evaluated in an exponent?

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When faced with an exponent containing a $\pm$, how is it handled/simplified?

For example, this expression: $$e^{\pm i\omega\sqrt{1-\zeta^2}t}\qquad(1)$$

Expands to: $$ c_1\,e^{i\omega\sqrt{1-\zeta^2}t}+c_2\,e^{-i\omega\sqrt{1-\zeta^2}t} \qquad (2)$$

And this becomes: $$ A\,cos(\sqrt{1-\zeta^2}\omega t)+B\,sin(\sqrt{1-\zeta^2}\omega t)\qquad (3)$$

However, it is unclear to me how the $\pm$ sign led to this breakdown from $(1)$ to $(2)$ and how it was further broken down with the Euler identity and arbitrary constants into $(3)$.

What steps happened in-between expressions to progressively massage these terms, and how are they explained/justified?


P.S.: If anyone is wondering, these terms came from part of a solution of a second-order homogeneous linear differential equation in a vibrations/structural dynamics textbook.