Looking at this example, how does 103 get simplified to 10? It seems like they are simplifying it using a modulo but what is the modulo and how is it determined?
2026-03-25 11:06:38.1774436798
How to apply the law of quadratic reciprocity?
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$\left (\frac{a}{p}\right )\equiv_{p}a^{\frac{p-1}{2}}$ is over $\mathbb{Z}_p$, so $103\equiv_{31}10$.