How to classify groups up to an isomorphism?

Question

I have a question asking me to classify all groups of size 6 and below up to isomorphism. I can easily find out the answer, but what I'm interested in is how would one go about classifying all groups of a certain size up to isomorphism? The question then goes on to ask which of these are isomorphic to subgroups of $S_4$, which I'm stuck on, any help will be greatly appreciated!

Answer 1

Well, for the general question you can find (in some sense) your answer here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayley's_theorem; every group of a certain size $n$ is a subgroup of $S_n$, and in the symmetric group you can find every finite group; this is not very practical actually, because classifying the subgroups of the symmetric group is certainly not a trivial task. In your case, you can take an $n-cycle \ \sigma$ in $S_4$ and the subgroups generated by $\sigma$ to obtain that $\mathbb Z/2\mathbb Z, \ \mathbb Z/3\mathbb Z \ $ and $ \mathbb Z/4\mathbb Z$ are subgroups of $S_4$; also $S_3$ is a subgroup of $S_4$ in a trivial way. $\mathbb Z/2\mathbb Z \times\mathbb Z/2\mathbb Z$ is the subgroup generated by $(1 2 )$ and $(34)$. On the contrary, $\mathbb Z/6\mathbb Z$ is not a subgroup of $S_4$; in fact it has an element of order 6, but no element with such order exists in $S_4$.