How to determine the $A^k$ using Jordan normal form?

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How to use Jordan normal form to determine $A^k?$

How the simplified way of the matrix $A$ on the Jordan normal form allows to determine easily this power?

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$A = P J P^{-1}\\ A^k = P J^k P^{-1}$

What happens to a Jordan-normal matrix as you multiply it by itself?

The Jordan-normal matrix breaks down into blocks and each block is pretty regular in its behavior.