How to read symbolic representation of Empty relation?

Question

While going through Relation I'm bit confuse on how to read the representation of empty relation. The ref. book I have, in that, it is represented following without proper parenthesis.

$R = \emptyset \subset A \times A $

It should be read as

$(R = \emptyset) \subset A \times A $

OR

$R = (\emptyset \subset A \times A) $

Sub Question: Which one is right representation?

$R = \emptyset \subset A \times A $ // Proper subset

OR

$ R = \emptyset \subseteq A \times A $ //Subset

Answer 1

I'm not sure if this is what you're asking, but a "chain" of symbols like this $$R = \emptyset \subset A \times A$$ is normally interpreted as: $$R = \emptyset \mbox{ and } \emptyset \subset A \times A.$$

Just like $a \le b \le c$ is interpreted as $a \le b$ and $b \le c$.