How to solve a system of a single equation?

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I’m trying to solve an apparently simple problem but couldn’t find a solution not involving advanced math.

Let $10ax + (b-3a) = x - 3$

How do we solve equations of the given form? The solution of the above quation is $10a=1$ and $b-3a=-3$, so they basically turned a single equation into two different equations, but there is no explanation of how and I couldn’t find a explanation online. Can somebody help me?

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The equation implies that the equality holds for any real $x$. Setting two different values of $x$ (such as $0$ and $1$) will give you two different equations with the above solutions. I those two equalities hold, then $ 10ax + (b-3a) = x - 3$ for all real $x$.