I use excel computed till $p=23$, it's true. But is this always true? if not, could you pls give a counter example?
2026-03-30 04:56:42.1774846602
If $p$ is an odd prime with primitive root $1<r<p$, is $r$ also a primitive root modulo $p^2$?
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just to dot it that $r=14$ is a primitive root for $p=29$, but not for $p^2=841$. Instead $r+p = 43$ is a primitive root for $841$.