Is aperiodicity necessary for a irreducible Markov chain with finite state space to exclude positive probability of infinite hitting time?

632 Views Asked by At

I encountered a Lemma:

For any irreducible aperiodic Markov chain $(X_0, X_1, \ldots)$with state space $S =\{s_1,\ldots, s_k \}$ and transition matrix $P$, we have for any two states $s_i,s_j \in S$ that if the chain starts in state $s_i$ , then $$P(T_{i, j} < \infty ) = 1$$

The hitting time $T_{i, j}$ is defined as $$T_{i, j} = \min\{ n \geq 1: X_n = s_j\}$$

Is aperiodicity indispensable for this lemma? Or is there an example of a irreducible but periodic Markov chain with finite state space that admits two states $s_m,s_n \in S$ such that $$P(T_{m, n} < \infty ) < 1$$

1

There are 1 best solutions below

5
On BEST ANSWER

No, aperiodicity is not needed. To see this, let $d$ be the period of the chain and consider the chain observed at every $d$th time point : $Y_n:=X_{dn}$. Then $Y_n$ is aperiodic and visits every state with probability one, hence so does $X_n$.