Is it possible to find a proper divisor of a composite Fermat Number without using any arithmetic operation +-*/?

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I have an absurdly simple algorithm which for N = 2^{2^{k-1}} +1 a composite Fermat Number, computes a divisor 1

The algorithm is also a test for primality, i.e. N is prime if and only if my algorithm has output e=N.

Features:

  1. The algorithm is a k-step recursion. Hence it contains no steps which involve "Trial & Error".

  2. The algorithm involves simple manipulations of bit strings. It uses non of the arithmetic operations +,-,*,/.

My goal is to prove that no such algorithm as I have just described is possible. This would be the contradiction in a theorem I proving.