Is my proof of $\lim_{x\rightarrow 0} \frac{\cos(x) - 1}{x} = 0$ correct?

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Let $$\lim_{x\rightarrow 0} \frac{\cos(x) - 1}{x} = h$$ then $$\lim_{x\rightarrow 0}h^2 = \frac{\cos^2(x) - 2\cos(x) + 1}{x^2}$$ substituting $$\cos^2x = 1 - \sin^2x$$ gives $$\lim_{x\rightarrow 0}h^2 = \frac{2 - 2 \cos(x) - \sin^2x}{x^2}$$Since $$\lim_{x\rightarrow 0} \frac{\sin(x)}{x} = 1 $$ It squared must also equal $1$. So $$ h^2 = \lim_{x\rightarrow 0} \frac{2 - 2 \cos(x)}{x^2} - 1 = \lim_{x\rightarrow 0} 2\left(\frac{1-\cos(x) }{x}\right) . \frac{1}{x} - 1 = \lim_{x\rightarrow 0} \frac{2h}{x} - 1$$

If $h$ was a nonzero limit then the numerator would converge and since $\lim_{x\rightarrow 0}\frac{1}{x} = \infty$ the fraction would diverge to infinity. But since the limit cannot be infinity then the limit must be $0$.

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You are assuming from the beginning that the limit exist, and you apply algebra of limits without knowing if it converges, so is not correct altough the answer is correct

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I would agree with the comments above that you're assuming it already exists. You should try to approach it by manipulating only the limit. So, I liked your logic of using the Pythagorean identity. Think about multiplying both the numerator and denominator by an expression that will give you $1-cos^2(\theta)$ or similar to it $cos^2(\theta)-1=-sin^2(\theta)$).