Is there a holomorphic function $f:C-[0,1]$ such that $(f(z))^3=z-z^2$ for all $z\in C-[0,1]$
My intuition tells me that not really, for instance $$(z-z^2)^{\frac{1}{3}}$$
does not have a unique branch on this set, but I do not know how to formally prove it.
The function $z\to z-z^2$ has a double pole at infinity, which means that your $f$ would have a pole of order $2/3$ there!