Let $G$ be a semigroup. If for any $a,b\in G$, the equations $ax=b$ and $ya=b$ are solvable, then $G$ is a group.

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I at a loss here. Showing that $G$ has an identity is the difficult part here. Obviously for each $a\in G$ there are $b,c\in G$ such that $ab=a$ and $ca=a$, but I need a hint as to how to prove these are all the same element.

In the finite case, the pigeonhole principle certainly shows that they all can't be different.

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You can use the given property to check directly that $ab = a$ for some $a,b$ forces $b$ to be a right identity. For any $d$, write $d = ea$ and then $db = eab = ea = d$. From here it is straightforward to show that $ca = a$ similarly implies that $c$ is a left identity, and then $c = cb = b$ shows that there exists a two-sided identity.