Ok, I found this puzzle and I can't figure out the answer:
Two people, Albert and Bernard have a natural number {0,1,2,3 ...} on the back of their heads. Rules:
- They can't see their own number
- Albert stands in the back of Bernard, so he can see Bernards number
- One of the numbers is the immediate successor of the other (in any order), so: na = nb+1 or nb = na+1
Then, these questions are asked:
To Albert: Do you know whether your own number is equal to 0?
Alberts answer: I know that my number is NOT equal to 0.
To Bernard, same question.
Answer: ?
(I thought he couldn't know. Since Bernard can still be zero, while Albert is 1)
To Albert: Do you know whether your own number is equal to 1?
Albert' answer: I don't know
To Bernard, same question.
Answer: ?
(I still think he couldn't know)
After this, you are supposed to know what Bernards number is. But how?
That albert say:
Means that Bernards number does not equal to $1$, since in this case Alberts number could be 0. When Albert answer
To the question wether he has the number 1, this gives us lot of information:
Thus the only possible number which Bernard could have is $2$. Thus Bernad will say that he knows the second time he is asked, while the first time he is asked he says he do not know.