Question:
In Munkres's Topology (2nd ed.), he gives a proof for the following:
Theorem 4.2 (Strong induction principle). Let $A$ be a set of positive integers. Suppose that for each positive integer $n$, the statement $S_n\subset A$ implies the statement $n\in A$. Then $A=\mathbb{Z}_+$.
This appears to be slightly different from the "traditional" (strong) induction principle which can be stated as: let $P_n$ be a sequence of statements. Suppose $P_1$ is true and (($P_m$ is true $\forall\, m < n$) implies $P_{n}$ is true) then $P_k$ is true $\forall\, k\in \mathbb{Z}_+$.
How can one reconcile the two?
Attempt:
I'm thinking of something along the lines of:
Let $A$ be a set of positive integers and $P_n$ be a sequence of propositions. Suppose that for each positive integer $n$, the statement $S_n\subset A$ implies the statement ($n\in A$ and $P_n$ is true). Then $A=\mathbb{Z}_+$ and $P_k$ is true $\forall\, k \in \mathbb{Z}_+$.
This can proved to be equivalent to the "traditional" form in the following way:
- Proceed with Munkres's proof and obtain $A=\mathbb{Z}_+$.
- $\because S_1=\varnothing\subset A$ is true, our supposition for $n=1$ is equivalent to assuming that $P_1$ is true.
- ??? (how do we show that the supposition "$S_n\subset A$ implies the statement ($n\in A$ and $P_n$ is true)" is equivalent to "($P_m$ is true $\forall\, m < n$) implies $P_{n}$ is true"?)
Actually I just noticed that this point is discussed in Chapter 1 $\S$ 7 after Lemma 7.2 (pg 45 in 2nd ed.)
Using this one can write:
Let $P_n$ be a sequence of propositions and $A$ be the set of all positive integers $n$ for which $P_n$ is true. Suppose that for each positive integer $n$, the statement $S_n\subset A$ implies the statement $n\in A$. Then $A=\mathbb{Z}_+$.
The equivalence with the "traditional" induction principle is easily demonstrated: