It is a classical theorem that $\pi_2(G)$ is trivial for all Lie group $G$.
Is $n=2$ the only natural number with the property that $\pi_n(G)$ is trivial for every Lie group $G$?
It is a classical theorem that $\pi_2(G)$ is trivial for all Lie group $G$.
Is $n=2$ the only natural number with the property that $\pi_n(G)$ is trivial for every Lie group $G$?
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Yes. For all $n>2$, $\pi_n(S^3)$ is nontrivial: see https://arxiv.org/abs/1506.00952.
Or, using just results from the 1950s, by Bott periodicity, $\pi_n(U(m))\cong\mathbb{Z}$ if $n$ is odd and $m$ is sufficiently large. Even $n>2$ are handled by the fact that $\pi_{2m}(U(m))\cong\mathbb{Z}/(m!)$ for all $m$.